This volume covers a critical transition period in the early Spanish colonial regime, dominated by the governorship of Doctor Francisco de Sande (1575–1580) and the beginning of Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa's term (1580–1583). The primary focus is the turbulent period following the near-successful invasion of the Chinese pirate Limahong (Limahon), detailing the Spanish reaction, the fortification of Manila, and the ongoing attempts to subdue and pacify the natives. The documents record the foundation of the Diocese of Manila in 1578, establishing the colony's first cathedral and bishopric. The volume also chronicles Governor Sande’s aggressive foreign policy, including detailed notarial records of his unsuccessful expeditions to Borneo, Jolo (Sulu), and Mindanao between 1578 and 1579, which aimed to curb the spread of Islam and assert Spanish sovereignty over the southern islands and neighboring sultanates. The documents highlight the continuous struggle of the early Spanish governors to control colonial finances, curb official corruption, secure adequate troops, and manage relations with neighboring powers in the Moluccas and China.
The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803 (Vol. 4, 1576-1582)